❤️ Metabolic Health

Testosterone Optimization (TRT)

Testosterone declines ~1% per year after age 30. Low T drives fatigue, muscle loss, fat gain, cognitive decline, and cardiovascular risk. TRT, when medically indicated and properly monitored, restores energy, body composition, mood, libido, and cardiovascular markers. The SELECT trial demonstrated cardiovascular safety of TRT when used appropriately.

Rapamycin (mTOR Inhibition)

Rapamycin inhibits the mTOR pathway, which when overactive drives aging. mTOR inhibition mimics the effects of caloric restriction — extending lifespan in every organism tested (yeast, worms, flies, mice). Intermittent low-dose rapamycin is being studied as a longevity intervention in human clinical trials. It promotes autophagy (cellular cleanup), reduces cellular senescence, and improves immune function.

Metformin

A diabetes medication with off-label longevity interest. Metformin activates AMPK (the cellular energy sensor), improves insulin sensitivity, reduces inflammation, and may reduce cancer risk. The TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trial is investigating its anti-aging effects in non-diabetic populations. Diabetics on metformin have been observed to outlive non-diabetics not taking the drug in some studies.

Retatrutide

A triple hormone receptor agonist (GLP-1, GIP, glucagon) that represents the next generation of metabolic therapy. Phase 2 results showed up to 24.2% weight loss and significant improvements in insulin sensitivity, lipid panels, and cardiovascular markers. Phase 3 trials are ongoing.

CaAKG (Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate)

A key intermediate in the Krebs cycle that supports mitochondrial energy production. CaAKG extends lifespan and healthspan in animal models, reduces inflammation, improves DNA methylation patterns, and supports metabolic resilience. It's one of the few compounds shown to extend both lifespan and healthspan in mammalian models.

Retatrutide Phase 2: Published in The New England Journal of Medicine, retatrutide showed up to 24.2% weight loss and significant metabolic improvements at 48 weeks. Phase 3 trials (TRIUMPH-Outcomes, TRANSCEND-T2D-3) are ongoing. PMID: 37266980

Rapamycin and Lifespan: Rapamycin extends lifespan in multiple animal models including mice. Research published in Cell shows mTOR inhibition mimics caloric restriction and promotes autophagy. PMID: 19205090

CaAKG and Healthspan: Alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation extends lifespan and compresses morbidity in animal models, published in Cell Metabolism. PMID: 32719045

Metformin and Aging: Observational studies suggest metformin users have reduced all-cause mortality and cancer incidence. The TAME trial is investigating its anti-aging potential in humans.

TRT Cardiovascular Safety: The SELECT trial (Testosterone Trials) demonstrated that TRT in men with confirmed low testosterone did not increase cardiovascular events when properly monitored and dosed.